I. General Temperature Standards for Cold Chain Logistics
Cold chain Logistics imatanthawuza njira yonyamula katundu kuchokera kudera lina la kutentha kupita ku lina mkati mwa kutentha komwe kumayendetsedwa, kuwonetsetsa kuti katunduyo ali wabwino komanso chitetezo.Unyolo wozizira umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya, azamankhwala, ndi zodzola, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutsimikizira chitetezo.Kutentha kwakukulu kwa maunyolo ozizira kumakhala pakati pa -18 ° C ndi 8 ° C, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katundu imafuna kutentha kosiyana.
1.1 Kutentha kwa Common Cold Chain
Kutentha kwa unyolo wozizira kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa katundu.Kutentha kofala kwa chimfine ndi motere:
1. Kutentha Kwambiri Kwambiri: Pansi -60 ° C, monga mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi.
2. Kuzizira Kwambiri: -60 ° C mpaka -30 ° C, monga ayisikilimu ndi nyama zachisanu.
3. Kuzizira: -30 ° C mpaka -18 ° C, monga nsomba za m'nyanja zachisanu ndi nyama yatsopano.
4. Kuzizira Kwambiri: -18°C mpaka -12°C, monga surimi ndi nyama ya nsomba.
5. Firiji: -12 ° C mpaka 8 ° C, monga mkaka ndi nyama.
6. Kutentha kwa chipinda: 8 ° C mpaka 25 ° C, monga masamba ndi zipatso.
1.2 Kutentha kwa Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Katundu
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katundu imafuna kutentha kosiyanasiyana.Nazi zofunika pa kutentha kwa katundu wamba:
1. Chakudya Chatsopano: Nthawi zambiri chimayenera kusungidwa pakati pa 0°C ndi 4°C kuti chikhalebe chatsopano ndi kukoma, kwinaku chiteteze kuzizira kapena kuwonongeka.
2. Chakudya Chowumitsidwa: Chimafunika kusungidwa ndi kunyamulidwa pansi pa -18°C kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino ndi zotetezeka.
3. Mankhwala: Amafunika kusungirako bwino komanso zoyendera, zomwe zimasungidwa pakati pa 2°C ndi 8°C.
4. Zodzoladzola: Zimafunika kusungidwa mkati mwa kutentha koyenera panthawi yoyendetsa kuti zisawonongeke kapena kuwonongeka, nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa pakati pa 2 ° C ndi 25 ° C, malingana ndi mtundu wa mankhwala.
II.Miyezo Yapadera Yakutentha kwa Makampani Opanga Mankhwala ndi Chakudya
2.1 Pharmaceutical Cold Chain Transport
M'mayendedwe ozizira amankhwala, kuphatikiza -25 ° C mpaka -15 ° C, 2 ° C mpaka 8 ° C, 2 ° C mpaka 25 ° C, ndi 15 ° C mpaka 25 ° C zofunika kutentha, pali zina zapadera. madera otentha, monga:
≤-20°C
-25 ° C mpaka -20 ° C
-20°C mpaka -10°C
-0 ° C mpaka 4 ° C
-0 ° C mpaka 5 ° C
-10 ° C mpaka 20 ° C
-20 ° C mpaka 25 ° C
2.2 Food Cold Chain Transport
Pazakudya zoziziritsa kukhosi zozizira, kuwonjezera pa zomwe wamba ≤-10°C, ≤0°C, 0°C mpaka 8°C, ndi 0°C mpaka 25°C zofunika kutentha, pali madera ena enieni kutentha, monga:
≤-18°C
-10 ° C mpaka 25 ° C
Miyezo ya kutenthayi imatsimikizira kuti mankhwala ndi zakudya zonse zimanyamulidwa ndikusungidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yomwe imakhala yabwino komanso yotetezeka.
III.Kufunika Kowongolera Kutentha
3.1 Kuwongolera Kutentha kwa Chakudya
3.1.1 Ubwino wa Chakudya ndi Chitetezo
1. Kuwongolera kutentha ndikofunika kwambiri kuti chakudya chikhale chabwino komanso kuti ogula akhale ndi thanzi labwino.Kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kungayambitse kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kuwonjezereka kwa mankhwala, ndi kusintha kwa thupi, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha chakudya ndi kukoma.
2. Kukhazikitsa kasamalidwe ka kutentha pa nthawi yogulitsira zakudya kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwa chakudya.Kusungirako bwino ndi kayendedwe kabwino kumathandiza kulepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chili chokhazikika.(Chakudya cha m’firiji chiyenera kusungidwa m’munsi mwa 5°C, ndipo chakudya chophikidwa chiyenera kusungidwa pamwamba pa 60°C chisanadye. Kutentha kukakhala pansi pa 5°C kapena pamwamba pa 60°C, kukula ndi kuberekana kwa tizilombo tating’onoting’ono kumachepa kapena kuleka; popewa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya Kutentha kwa 5 ° C mpaka 60 ° C ndi malo owopsa a chakudya chophikidwa chosungidwa kutentha kwa chipinda, makamaka nyengo yotentha, sayenera kusiyidwa kwa maola oposa awiri kusungidwa mufiriji, sikuyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali Asanayambe kumwa, kutenthetsanso ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwapakati pazakudya kumafika pamwamba pa 70 ° C, ndi nthawi yokwanira yotenthetsera kutengera kukula, katundu wotengera kutentha, komanso kutentha koyambirira. chakudya kuti mukwaniritse kutsekereza kokwanira.)
3.1.2 Kuchepetsa Zinyalala ndi Kutsitsa Mtengo
1. Kuwongolera bwino kutentha kumatha kuchepetsa kutayika ndi zinyalala zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa chakudya ndi kuwonongeka.Poyang'anira ndikusintha kutentha, nthawi ya alumali yazakudya imatha kukulitsidwa, kuchepetsa kubweza ndi kutayika, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito kasamalidwe ka kutentha kungachepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito.Mwa kukhathamiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yosungira ndi kuyendetsa ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zingatheke monga kutayikira kwa firiji, zolinga zokhazikika zogwirira ntchito zitha kukwaniritsidwa.
3.1.3 Zofunikira pakuwongolera ndi Kutsata
1. Mayiko ndi zigawo zambiri zili ndi malamulo okhwima oletsa kutentha kwa kasungidwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka chakudya.Kusatsatira malamulowa kungayambitse mikangano yalamulo, kutayika kwachuma, ndikuwononga mbiri ya kampani.
2. Makampani ogulitsa zakudya amayenera kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso yapakhomo, monga HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) ndi GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices), kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha chakudya ndi khalidwe.
3.1.4 Kukhutitsidwa kwa Makasitomala ndi Mbiri Yamtundu
1. Ogula akufunafuna chakudya chatsopano komanso chotetezeka.Kuwongolera kutentha kwapamwamba kungathe kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chili chabwino komanso chokoma panthawi yogawa, kupititsa patsogolo kukhutira kwamakasitomala.
2. Kupereka zinthu zamtengo wapatali nthawi zonse kumathandizira kupanga ndi kusunga chithunzithunzi chabwino cha mtundu, kumapangitsa mpikisano wamsika, ndikukopa makasitomala okhulupirika.
3.1.5 Ubwino Wopikisana Pamsika
1. M'makampani ogulitsa zakudya omwe amapikisana kwambiri, njira yabwino yoyendetsera kutentha ndiyosiyana kwambiri.Makampani omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowongolera kutentha amatha kupereka ntchito zodalirika komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala.
2. Kuwongolera kutentha ndi njira yofunikira kuti ogulitsa zakudya aziwonetsa luso lawo laukadaulo ndi chitukuko chokhazikika, ndikukhazikitsa mwayi wopikisana pamsika.
3.1.6 Kusamalira zachilengedwe ndi chitukuko chokhazikika
1. Kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kutentha kwa kutentha, makampani ogulitsa zakudya amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kosafunikira ndi mpweya woipa wa mpweya, kugwirizanitsa ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafiriji ogwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso matekinoloje owongolera kutentha kungachepetse kuwononga chilengedwe, kuthandiza makampani kukwaniritsa udindo wawo komanso kukulitsa chithunzi chawo.
3.2 Pharmaceutical Temperature Control
Mankhwala ndi mankhwala apadera, ndipo kutentha kwawo koyenera kumakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo cha anthu.Pakupanga, kuyendetsa, ndi kusunga, kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la mankhwala.Kusasunga bwino ndi mayendedwe, makamaka kwa mankhwala osungidwa mufiriji, kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kuwonongeka, kapena kuchulukira kwa zoyipa zoyipa.
Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kosungirako kumakhudza khalidwe lamankhwala m'njira zingapo.Kutentha kwakukulu kungakhudze zigawo zosasinthika, pamene kutentha kochepa kungayambitse mankhwala ena, monga emulsions kuzizira ndi kutaya mphamvu yawo ya emulsifying pambuyo pa kusungunuka.Kusintha kwa kutentha kungasinthe katundu wa mankhwala, kukhudza okosijeni, kuwonongeka, hydrolysis, ndi kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kutentha kosungirako kumakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa mankhwala.Kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika kungayambitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa mankhwala.Mwachitsanzo, jekeseni ndi mankhwala osungunuka m'madzi amatha kusweka ngati atasungidwa pansi pa 0 ° C.Mayiko osiyanasiyana azamankhwala amasintha ndi kutentha, ndipo kusunga kutentha koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire mtundu.
Zotsatira za kutentha kwa yosungirako pa alumali moyo wa mankhwala ndizofunika kwambiri.Nthawi ya alumali imatanthawuza nthawi yomwe khalidwe lamankhwala limakhalabe lokhazikika pansi pa malo osungira.Malinga ndi chilinganizo chofananira, kukweza kutentha kosungirako ndi 10 ° C kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa mankhwala ndi nthawi 3-5, ndipo ngati kutentha kosungirako ndi 10 ° C kuposa momwe zafotokozedwera, nthawi ya alumali imachepetsedwa ndi 1/4 mpaka 1. /2.Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamankhwala osakhazikika, omwe amatha kutaya mphamvu kapena kukhala poizoni, ndikuyika chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito pachiwopsezo.
IV.Nthawi Yeniyeni Kuwongolera Kutentha ndi Kusintha mu Cold Chain Transport
Pazakudya ndi zonyamula mankhwala ozizira, magalimoto osungidwa mufiriji ndi mabokosi otsekedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Kwa maoda akuluakulu, magalimoto osungidwa mufiriji nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuti achepetse ndalama zoyendera.Kwa maoda ang'onoang'ono, mayendedwe a mabokosi okhala ndi mabokosi ndi abwino, omwe amapereka kusinthasintha kwamayendedwe apamlengalenga, njanji, ndi misewu.
- Magalimoto Afiriji: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa mwachangu, zokhala ndi mafiriji oyikidwa kuti azitha kutentha mkati mwagalimoto.
- Mabokosi Otsekeredwa: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwapang'onopang'ono, zokhala ndi mafiriji mkati mwa mabokosi kuti azitha kuyamwa ndi kutulutsa kutentha, kusunga kutentha.
Posankha njira yoyenera yoyendera ndi kusunga kutentha kwa nthawi yeniyeni, makampani amatha kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndi khalidwe lazinthu zawo zimakhala zotetezeka panthawi yazitsulo zozizira.
Katswiri wa V. Huizhou M'gawoli
Huizhou imagwira ntchito pa kafukufuku, chitukuko, kupanga, ndi kuyesa mabokosi otchinjiriza ndi mafiriji.Timapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamabokosi otsekemera omwe mungasankhe, kuphatikiza:
- EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) Insulation Box
- EPP (Expanded Polypropylene) Insulation Box
- PU (Polyurethane) Insulation Box
- Mabokosi a VPU (Vacuum Panel Insulation).
- Mabokosi a Airgel Insulation
- VIP (Vacuum Insulated Panel) Mabokosi a Insulation
- ESV (Mabokosi a Insulation) (Enhanced Structural Vacuum).
Timagawa mabokosi athu otsekera potengera kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito: mabokosi ogwiritsira ntchito kamodzi komanso ogwiritsidwanso ntchito, kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamakasitomala.
Timaperekanso mitundu ingapo yamafiriji achilengedwe komanso osakhazikika, kuphatikiza:
- Dry Ice
- Mafiriji okhala ndi magawo osinthira gawo pa -62°C, -55°C, -40°C, -33°C, -25°C, -23°C, -20°C, -18°C, -15° C, -12°C, 0°C, +2°C, +3°C, +5°C, +10°C, +15°C, +18°C, ndi +21°C
Kampani yathu ili ndi labotale yamankhwala yofufuza ndikuyesa mafiriji osiyanasiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), viscometers, ndi mafiriji okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a kutentha.
Huizhou yakhazikitsa mafakitale m'madera akuluakulu m'dziko lonselo kuti akwaniritse zofuna zapadziko lonse.Tili ndi zida za kutentha ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse poyesa momwe mabokosi athu amagwirira ntchito.Laborator yathu yoyesera yadutsa kafukufuku wa CNAS (China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment).
VI.Maphunziro a Huizhou
Pharmaceutical Insulation Box Project:
Kampani yathu imapanga mabokosi otchinjiriza ogwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso mafiriji oyendera mankhwala.Magawo a kutentha kwa insulation m'mabokosiwa ndi awa:
≤-25°C
≤-20°C
-25 ° C mpaka -15 ° C
-0 ° C mpaka 5 ° C
-2°C mpaka 8°C
-10 ° C mpaka 20 ° C
Pulojekiti Yogwiritsa Ntchito Imodzi Yogwiritsira Ntchito Insulation Box:
Timapanga mabokosi otchinjiriza ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi ndi mafiriji oyendera mankhwala.Malo otenthetsera kutentha ndi ≤0 ° C, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala apadziko lonse lapansi
kutumiza.
Ice Pack Project:
Kampani yathu imapanga mafiriji onyamula katundu watsopano, zosintha magawo -20°C, -10°C, ndi 0°C.
Ntchitozi zikuwonetsa kudzipereka kwa Huizhou popereka mayankho apamwamba kwambiri, odalirika azinthu zoyendetsedwa ndi kutentha m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2024