Phase Change Materials, PCMs ndi mtundu wapadera wa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyamwa kapena kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri zotentha pa kutentha kwapadera, pamene zikusintha kusintha kwa zinthu, monga kusintha kuchokera ku zolimba kupita ku madzi kapena mosiyana.Katunduyu amapangitsa kuti zida zosinthira gawo zikhale ndi mtengo wofunikira pakuwongolera kutentha, kusungirako mphamvu, ndi magawo oyang'anira kutentha.Zotsatirazi ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane zida zosinthira gawo:
katundu wakuthupi
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha zida zosinthira gawo ndikutha kuyamwa kapena kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu kobisika pa kutentha kokhazikika (kutentha kwa gawo).Potengera kutentha, zinthu zimasintha kuchokera ku gawo limodzi kupita ku lina, monga kuchoka ku cholimba kupita kumadzimadzi (kusungunuka).Panthawi ya exothermic, zinthu zimasintha kuchokera kumadzi kupita ku zolimba (kulimbitsa).Njira yosinthira gawoli nthawi zambiri imachitika mkati mwa kutentha kocheperako kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zosinthira magawo zikhale zokhazikika pamatenthedwe pafupifupi nthawi zonse.
Mitundu yayikulu
Zida zosinthira gawo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa kutengera momwe amapangira mankhwala komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito:
1. Organic PCMs: kuphatikizapo parafini ndi mafuta acids.Zidazi zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, kusinthikanso, komanso kutentha koyenera kwa kusintha kwa gawo.
2. Ma PCM a Inorganic: kuphatikizapo mankhwala a saline ndi mankhwala azitsulo.Matenthedwe awo amatenthetsa nthawi zambiri kuposa ma PCM achilengedwe, koma amatha kukumana ndi kupatukana ndi kuwonongeka.
3. Ma PCM a Biobased PCM: Awa ndi ma PCM omwe akubwera omwe amachokera ku biomaterials zachilengedwe ndipo amakhala ndi chilengedwe komanso chokhazikika.
malo ofunsira
Zida zosinthira gawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo angapo, makamaka kuphatikiza:
1. Kumanga mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu: Mwa kuphatikiza ma PCM m'zinthu zomangira monga makoma, pansi, kapena denga, kutentha kwa m'nyumba kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino, kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya ndi kutentha.
2. Kusungirako mphamvu zotentha: Ma PCM amatha kuyamwa kutentha kutentha kwambiri ndi kumasula kutentha kwa kutentha pang'ono, kuthandizira kulinganiza mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zofunikira, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezereka monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo.
3. Kuwongolera kutentha kwazinthu zamagetsi: Kugwiritsa ntchito ma PCM mu zipangizo zamagetsi kungathandize kusamalira kutentha komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yogwira ntchito, kukonza bwino, ndi kuwonjezera moyo wa chipangizo.
4. Mayendedwe ndi ma CD: Kugwiritsa ntchito ma PCM muzakudya ndi zoyendera zamankhwala kumatha kukhalabe ndi zinthu pansi pamikhalidwe yoyenera kutentha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino.
Mavuto aukadaulo
Ngakhale zabwino zambiri zazinthu zosinthira gawo, amakumanabe ndi zovuta zina zamaluso pazogwiritsa ntchito, monga moyo wautali, kukhazikika kwamafuta, komanso kufunikira kwaukadaulo wophatikizira ndi kuphatikiza.Mavutowa akuyenera kuthetsedwa kudzera mukupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yazinthu ndiukadaulo waukadaulo.
Zida zosinthira gawo zimayembekezeredwa kwambiri pazamphamvu zobiriwira komanso ukadaulo wokhazikika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera amafuta komanso chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
Tsogolo lachitukuko cha PCMs
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosinthira magawo (PCMs) m'mafakitale angapo kukuwonetsa kuti ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu komanso chiyembekezo chamtsogolo chamtsogolo.Zidazi zimayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa chotha kuyamwa ndikutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu panthawi ya kusintha kwa gawo.Nawa madera angapo ofunikira komanso ziyembekezo zakutsogolo kwa zida zosinthira gawo:
1. Mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zomangamanga
Pankhani ya zomangamanga, ma PCM angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo la machitidwe anzeru owongolera kutentha kuti achepetse kudalira kutentha kwachikhalidwe ndi mpweya.Mwa kuphatikiza ma PCM m'zinthu zomangira monga makoma, madenga, pansi, kapena mazenera, mphamvu ya kutentha kwa nyumbayo ikhoza kusinthidwa kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatha kuchepetsedwa, ndipo mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ukhoza kuchepetsedwa.M'tsogolomu, popanga zida zatsopano zosinthira gawo komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa ndalama, izi zitha kufalikira.
2. Mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu
M'makina amagetsi ongowonjezwdwanso monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, ma PCM amatha kukhala ngati media yosungirako mphamvu kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino komanso kufunikira.Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yotentha yomwe imapangidwa ndi machitidwe okolola mphamvu ya dzuwa masana imatha kusungidwa mu PCM ndikumasulidwa usiku kapena panthawi yofunikira kwambiri.Izi zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndikuwonetsetsa kupitiriza kwa magetsi.
3. Kutentha kwa zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi
Pamene zipangizo zamagetsi zikuchulukirachulukira pang'ono komanso zogwira ntchito kwambiri, kutaya kutentha kwakhala vuto lalikulu.Ma PCM atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zamagetsi monga makina opangira makompyuta ndi zida zam'manja kuti zithandizire kuwongolera kutentha, kukulitsa moyo wa chipangizocho, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
4. Zovala ndi Zovala
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma PCM muzovala kumawonetsanso kuthekera kwakukula.Ma PCM ophatikizidwa muzovala amatha kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi la wovalayo, kuwongolera chitonthozo, komanso kuthana ndi nyengo yoipa.Mwachitsanzo, zovala zamasewera ndi zida zakunja zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito izi kuti zisunge kutentha kwa thupi.
5. Zaumoyo
Pankhani ya zaumoyo, ma PCM angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira kutentha kwa mankhwala monga mankhwala ndi katemera, kuonetsetsa kuti ali okhazikika komanso ogwira ntchito panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kusunga.Kuphatikiza apo, ma PCM amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zochiritsira, monga zovala zoyendetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa thupi.
6. Mayendedwe
Poyendetsa chakudya ndi mankhwala, ma PCM angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga katundu mkati mwa kutentha koyenera, makamaka pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kuzizira.
Mavuto amtsogolo ndi njira zachitukuko:
Ngakhale ma PCM ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito, amakumanabe ndi zovuta pazogulitsa zambiri, monga mtengo, kuwunika kwachilengedwe, kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali, ndi zovuta zofananira.Kafukufuku wamtsogolo adzayang'ana pakupanga ma PCM ogwira ntchito, okonda zachilengedwe, komanso otsika mtengo, komanso kukonza njira zophatikizira machitidwe omwe alipo.
Kuphatikiza apo, pakuwonjezeka kwakufunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi pakusunga mphamvu, kuchepetsa umuna, komanso chitukuko chokhazikika, kafukufuku ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zosinthira magawo akuyembekezeka kulandira thandizo lazachuma komanso chidwi chamsika, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chachangu komanso luso laukadaulo wofananira.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-28-2024