Zida zosinthira magawo (PCMs) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri makamaka chifukwa zimapereka mayankho apadera komanso othandiza pakuwongolera mphamvu, kuwongolera kutentha, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.Pansipa pali kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zifukwa zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito zida zosinthira gawo:
1. Kusungirako mphamvu moyenera
Zida zosinthira gawo zimatha kuyamwa kapena kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri zotentha panthawi yakusintha kwa gawo.Makhalidwe amenewa amawapangitsa imayenera matenthedwe mphamvu yosungirako TV.Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa masana, zida zosinthira gawo zimatha kuyamwa ndikusunga mphamvu zotentha;Usiku kapena nyengo yozizira, zinthuzi zimatha kutulutsa mphamvu zosungirako kutentha kuti zisunge kutentha kwa chilengedwe.
2. Kuwongolera kutentha kokhazikika
Pa kusintha kwa gawo, zida zosinthira gawo zimatha kuyamwa kapena kutulutsa kutentha pafupifupi kutentha kosalekeza.Izi zimapangitsa ma PCM kukhala oyenera kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuwongolera kutentha, monga mayendedwe amankhwala, kasamalidwe ka kutentha kwa zida zamagetsi, komanso kuwongolera kutentha kwamkati m'nyumba.M'magwiritsidwe awa, zida zosinthira gawo zimathandizira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu
Pankhani ya zomangamanga, kuphatikiza zida zosinthira gawo muzomangamanga zimatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.Zidazi zimatha kuyamwa kutentha kwakukulu masana, kuchepetsa kulemetsa kwa mpweya;Usiku, imatulutsa kutentha ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa kutentha.Ntchito yowongolera kutentha kwachilengedweyi imachepetsa kudalira zida zotenthetsera zachikhalidwe ndi zoziziritsa, potero zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
4. Wokonda zachilengedwe
Zida zosinthira gawo zimapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zakuthupi kapena zamchere, zomwe zambiri zimakhala zosagwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso zimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma PCM kungathandize kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta, zomwe zimathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zachitukuko.
5. Limbikitsani magwiridwe antchito ndi chitonthozo
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosinthira gawo pazinthu za ogula monga zovala, matiresi, kapena mipando kungapereke chitonthozo chowonjezera.Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma PCM muzovala kumatha kuyendetsa kutentha molingana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa thupi, kusunga kutentha kwabwino kwa wovala.Kuigwiritsa ntchito pamatiresi kungapereke kutentha kwabwino kwambiri usiku.
6. Kusinthasintha ndi kusinthasintha
Zida zosinthira gawo zitha kupangidwa mosiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwake kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamagwiritsidwe.Zitha kupangidwa kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mafilimu, kapena kuphatikizidwa muzinthu zina monga konkriti kapena pulasitiki, zomwe zimapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kusinthika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
7. Kupititsa patsogolo phindu lazachuma
Ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyambilira pazida zosinthira gawo zitha kukhala zambiri, phindu lawo lanthawi yayitali pakuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndizofunikira.Pochepetsa kudalira mphamvu zachikhalidwe, zida zosinthira gawo zitha kuthandizira kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi ndikupereka zobweza zachuma.
Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosinthira gawo kumatha kupereka mayankho ogwira mtima owongolera matenthedwe, kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndi chitonthozo, ndikuthandizira kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika.
Angapo magulu akuluakulu ndi makhalidwe awo gawo kusintha zipangizo
Zida zosinthira gawo (PCMs) zitha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo kutengera kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe akusintha kwa gawo, chilichonse chimakhala ndi zabwino ndi zolephera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zida izi makamaka zimaphatikizapo ma PCM achilengedwe, ma PCM osakhazikika, ma PCM a bio, ndi ma PCM ophatikizika.Pansipa pali chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wazinthu zosinthira gawo:
1. Organic gawo kusintha zipangizo
Zida zosinthira gawo la organic zimaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri: parafini ndi mafuta acid.
-Parafini:
-Zowoneka: Kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala, kusinthika kwabwino, komanso kusintha kosavuta kwa malo osungunuka mwa kusintha kutalika kwa unyolo wa maselo.
-Zoyipa: Kutentha kwamafuta ndikotsika, ndipo pangafunike kuwonjezera zida zopangira matenthedwe kuti muwongolere liwiro la kuyankha kwamafuta.
- Mafuta acids:
-Zinthu: Ili ndi kutentha kobisika kwambiri kuposa parafini komanso malo osungunuka osungunuka, oyenera kutentha kosiyanasiyana.
-Kuipa kwake: Mafuta ena a asidi amatha kupatukana ndipo ndi okwera mtengo kuposa parafini.
2. Zida zosinthira gawo lopanga zinthu
Zida zosinthira gawo la inorganic zimaphatikizapo mankhwala a saline ndi mchere wachitsulo.
-Kuthira madzi amchere:
-Zowoneka: Kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino, kutentha kobisika kwambiri, komanso mtengo wotsika.
-Zoyipa: Pakuzizira, delamination imatha kuchitika ndipo imakhala yowononga, yomwe imafunikira zida zotengera.
- Metal salt:
-Zowoneka: Kutentha kwakukulu kwa gawo, koyenera kusungirako mphamvu zotentha kwambiri.
-Zoyipa: Palinso zovuta za dzimbiri ndipo kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chosungunuka mobwerezabwereza komanso kulimba.
3. Zida zosinthira gawo la biobased
Zida zosinthira gawo la biobased ndi ma PCM otengedwa ku chilengedwe kapena kupangidwa kudzera muukadaulo wa sayansi.
-Mawonekedwe:
-Ndiokonda chilengedwe, osawonongeka, opanda zinthu zovulaza, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitukuko chokhazikika.
-Itha kuchotsedwa ku zomera kapena zinyama, monga mafuta a masamba ndi mafuta a nyama.
-Zoyipa:
- Pakhoza kukhala zovuta ndi kukwera mtengo komanso kuchepa kwa magwero.
-Kukhazikika kwamafuta ndi kutentha kwamafuta kumakhala kotsika kuposa ma PCM achikhalidwe, ndipo kungafunike kusinthidwa kapena kuthandizidwa ndi zinthu zophatikizika.
4. Zida zosinthira gawo lophatikizika
Zida zosinthira gawo lophatikizika zimaphatikiza ma PCM ndi zida zina (monga zida zopangira matenthedwe, zida zothandizira, ndi zina zambiri) kuti zithandizire kukonza ma PCM omwe alipo.
-Mawonekedwe:
-Mwa kuphatikiza ndi zida zapamwamba zopangira matenthedwe, liwiro la kuyankha kwamafuta ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta kumatha kusintha kwambiri.
-Makonda angapangidwe kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za ntchito, monga kukulitsa mphamvu zamakina kapena kukhazikika kwamafuta.
-Zoyipa:
-Kukonzekera kungakhale kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo.
-Njira zolondola zofananira ndi kukonza ndizofunikira.
Zida zosinthira gawoli chilichonse chili ndi maubwino ake apadera komanso mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito.Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu woyenera wa PCM nthawi zambiri kumadalira kutentha kwa pulogalamuyo, bajeti yamtengo wapatali, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndi moyo wautumiki womwe ukuyembekezeka.Ndi kuzama kwa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha luso, chitukuko cha zinthu kusintha gawo
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito kukuyembekezeka kukulirakulira, makamaka pakusungirako mphamvu ndi kasamalidwe ka kutentha.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zida zosinthira gawo la organic ndi zida zosinthira gawo lopanda malire?
Organic Phase Change Materials, PCMs ndi Inorganic Phase Change Materials onse ndi matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimayamwa kapena kutulutsa kutentha mwa kusintha pakati pa mayiko olimba ndi amadzimadzi.Mitundu iwiriyi ya zida iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso malo omwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazosiyana kwambiri pakati pawo:
1. Chemical:
-Zida zosinthira gawo la organic: makamaka kuphatikiza parafini ndi mafuta acids.Zida zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala ndipo sizidzawola panthawi yosungunuka ndi kulimbitsa.
- Zida zosinthira gawo lazachilengedwe: kuphatikiza ma saline solution, zitsulo, ndi mchere.Mtundu uwu wa zinthu uli ndi mitundu yambiri yosungunuka, ndipo malo oyenera osungunuka amatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa.
2. Kutentha:
-Zida zosinthira gawo la Organic: nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, koma kutentha kobisika kwambiri pakusungunuka ndi kulimba, kutanthauza kuti zimatha kuyamwa kapena kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu panthawi yakusintha.
-Zinthu zosinthira gawo la Inorganic: Mosiyana ndi izi, zinthuzi zimakhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kutentha kwachangu, koma kutentha kwawo kobisika kumatha kukhala kotsika kuposa zinthu zachilengedwe.
3. Kukhazikika kwazungulira:
-Zida zosinthira gawo la Organic: khalani ndi kukhazikika kwapanjinga ndipo mutha kupirira njira zingapo zosungunuka ndi kulimba popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.
-Zida zosinthira gawo la Inorganic: zitha kuwonetsa kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito pambuyo pa matenthedwe angapo, makamaka zida zomwe zimakonda crystallization.
4. Mtengo ndi kupezeka:
-Zida zosinthira gawo la Organic: Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera mtengo, koma chifukwa cha kukhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito, mtengo wawo wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ukhoza kukhala wotsika.
-Zida zosinthira gawo la Inorganic: Zinthu izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupanga pamlingo waukulu, koma zimatha kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kapena kukonza.
5. Malo ogwiritsira ntchito:
-Zida zosinthira gawo la Organic: Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo komanso mankhwala abwino, amagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera kutentha kwa nyumba, zovala, zofunda, ndi magawo ena.
-Zida zosinthira gawo la Inorganic: zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kusungirako mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zinyalala zobwezeretsa kutentha, zomwe zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito matenthedwe awo apamwamba komanso malo osungunuka.
Mwachidule, posankha zida zosinthira gawo la organic kapena inorganic, zinthu monga zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, bajeti, komanso momwe kutentha kumayembekezeredwa ziyenera kuganiziridwa.Chilichonse chili ndi ubwino wake ndi zofooka zake, zoyenera pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-28-2024