Chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo wamafiriji m'zaka za m'ma 1920, Japan yapita patsogolo kwambiri pamayendedwe ozizira. M'zaka za m'ma 1950, anthu ambiri ankafuna kwambiri chifukwa cha kukwera kwa msika wa zakudya. Pofika m’chaka cha 1964, boma la Japan linakhazikitsa dongosolo la “Cold Chain Plan,” n’kuyambitsa nyengo yatsopano yogaŵira anthu kutentha kwambiri. Pakati pa 1950 ndi 1970, mphamvu yosungiramo ozizira ku Japan inakula pa mlingo wa matani 140,000 pachaka, kuwonjezereka mpaka matani 410,000 pachaka m'ma 1970. Pofika m'chaka cha 1980, mphamvu zonse zidafika matani 7.54 miliyoni, zomwe zikuwonetseratu kukula kwachangu kwa makampani.
Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2000 kupita m'tsogolo, zipangizo zozizira za ku Japan zinalowa m'gawo lachitukuko chapamwamba kwambiri. Malinga ndi Global Cold Chain Alliance, ku Japan kuzizira kosungirako kunafika pa 39.26 miliyoni cubic metres mu 2020, ndikuyika pa 10 padziko lonse lapansi ndi mphamvu yokwana 0.339 cubic metres. Ndi 95% yazinthu zaulimi zomwe zimatumizidwa mufiriji komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kosachepera 5%, Japan yakhazikitsa njira yoziziritsa yotentha yomwe imachokera kukupanga mpaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zofunika Kwambiri Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kupambana kwa Cold Chain ku Japan
Zida zozizira zaku Japan zimapambana m'magawo atatu ofunikira: ukadaulo wotsogola wozizira, kasamalidwe kakusungirako kozizira kozizira, komanso chidziwitso chofalikira.
1. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa Cold Chain
Cold chain Logistics imadalira kwambiri matekinoloje oziziritsa ndi kuyika:
- Mayendedwe ndi Kuyika: Makampani aku Japan amagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto osungidwa mufiriji ndi magalimoto otsekeredwa opangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Magalimoto okhala ndi firiji amakhala ndi zotsekera zotchingira ndi makina oziziritsira kuti asunge kutentha koyenera, ndikuwunika nthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa zojambulira zam'mwamba. Komano, magalimoto otsekeredwa, amangodalira matupi opangidwa mwapadera kuti asunge kutentha kotsika popanda kuziziritsa ndi makina.
- Zochita Zokhazikika: Pambuyo pa 2020, Japan idatengera mafiriji ammonia ndi ammonia-CO2 kuti athetseretu mafiriji oyipa. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zonyamula zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kuwonongeka panthawi yoyendetsa, kuphatikiza kuyika zodzitchinjiriza za zipatso zosakhwima monga yamatcheri ndi sitiroberi. Japan imagwiritsanso ntchito zotengera zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuti zithandizire kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama.
2. Woyengedwa Cold Storage Management
Malo osungira ozizira ku Japan ndi apadera kwambiri, amagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi awiri (C3 mpaka F4) kutengera kutentha ndi zofunikira za malonda. Zoposa 85% za malo ndi F-level (-20°C ndi pansi), ndipo zambiri zimakhala F1 (-20°C mpaka -10°C).
- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Moyenera: Chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa malo ochepa, malo osungira ozizira ku Japan nthawi zambiri amakhala amitundu ingapo, okhala ndi madera otentha otengera zosowa za kasitomala.
- Zochita Zosavuta: Makina osungira okha ndi otulutsa amathandizira kugwira ntchito bwino, pomwe kasamalidwe kozizira kosasunthika kumatsimikizira kuti palibe kusokoneza kwa kutentha panthawi yotsitsa ndikutsitsa.
3. Logistics Informatization
Japan yaika ndalama zambiri pakudziwitsa zamayendedwe kuti zithandizire bwino komanso kuyang'anira.
- Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)machitidwe amathandizira kukonza zidziwitso, kukulitsa kulondola kwadongosolo komanso kufulumizitsa kayendetsedwe kazinthu.
- Kuwunika Nthawi Yeniyeni: Magalimoto okhala ndi GPS ndi zida zoyankhulirana amalola kuwongolera bwino komanso kutsata mwatsatanetsatane zotumizira, kuwonetsetsa kuyankha bwino komanso kuchita bwino.
Mapeto
Makampani opanga zakudya zopangira zakudya ku Japan achita bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha njira zamakono zoyendetsera dzikolo. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsogola, machitidwe owongolera bwino, komanso chidziwitso champhamvu, Japan yapanga makina oziziritsa ozizira. Pamene kufunikira kwa zakudya zokonzeka kudya kukukulirakulirabe, ukatswiri wozizira wa ku Japan umapereka maphunziro ofunikira kumisika ina.
https://www.jpfood.jp/zh-cn/industry-news/2024/11/05.html
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-18-2024